Menyerobot Tanah dan Membangun Rumah Tanpa IMB
Oleh Agus Hidayat    Selasa, 10 Agustus 2010 22:26    PDF Cetak E-mail
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Dengan hormat,                                                                                         
         Bersama ini disampaikan surat pembaca yang  berjudul “Menyerobot Tanah dan Membangun Rumah Tanpa IMB”  untuk dapat kiranya dimuat pada harian yang Bapak pimpin.
            “MENYEROBOT TANAH DAN MEMBANGUN RUMAH TANPA IMB”
Semula saya  ragu  membuat laporan pengaduan  tentang penyerobotan tanah ke polisi, karena  lebih baik   menegakkan hukum dengan melanggar hukum. Apalagi, ada kesan masyarakat  melibatkan polisi dalam setiap perkara tanah sering kali menambah masalah, bukannya menyelesaikan masalah.
Terbukti, sudah lebih dari 3 (tiga) tahun, kami hanya sekali menerima Surat Pemberitahuan Perkembangan Hasil Penyidikan (SP2HP). Setelah itu saya tak pernah  menerima Surat Pemberitahuan Perkembangan Hasil Penyelidikan (SP2HP), maupun Surat Tanda Penghentian Penyidikan Perkara (SP3), berkaitan dengan Surat tanda penerimaan laporan pengaduan No. Pol: 162/K/I/2007/Res Jaksel, tanggal 22 Januari 2007 atas nama pelapor (saya sendiri).
     Sampai sekarang laporan pengaduan tsb. mengambang. Padahal,  dalam Pasal 108 ayat 1 KUHAP (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana) dikatakan “Setiap orang yang mengalami, melihat, menyaksikan dan atau menjadi korban peristiwa yang merupakan tindak pidana berhak untuk mengajukan laporan atau pengaduan kepada penyelidik dan atau penyidik baik lisan maupun tertulis”.
              Masih diperlukan revisi KUHAP (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana) untuk membatasi langkah Polisi dalam menyusun berkas penyidikan. Kepolisian terlalu leluasa  menyusun berkas penyidikan.  KUHAP   direvisi  lantaran banyak celah  untuk melakukan rekayasa BAP (Berita Acara Pemeriksaan) dengan kewenangan yang dimiliki tanpa pengawasan. Polisi memang  merekam pembuatan BAP dan menyusun pertanyaannya tapi tetap saja bisa direkayasa.
             Hingga kini penyidikan polisi dalam perkara penyerobotan tanah milik saya masih mengambang, atau  mungkin juga  ditelantarkan. Padahal, laporan pengaduan   tidak  selalu berarti  memiliki hak secara hukum terhadap bidang tanah tersebut. Hakim dalam perkara pidana tidak berwenang dalam menetapkan status hak kepemilikan atas tanah seseorang.   Masalah kepemilikan adalah sengketa keperdataan.
              Hukuman terhadap  tindak kekerasan atau pengrusakan  dan penyerobotan   hanya sebatas menjatuhkan pidana penjara kepada Si pelaku.    Adapun duduk perkaranya, pada bulan Oktober 2006 telah terjadi penyerobotan tanah di Jl. Perdana I, Rt.007/05, Kelurahan Petukangan Selatan, Kecamatan Pesanggrahan, Jakarta Selatan, sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 385 ayat 1 KUHP Jo.  Pasal 55 ayat 1 KUHP .   
     Jalur hukum pidana tak selalu dapat menentukan hak kepemilikan atas tanah karena hukum pidana umumnya hanya menghukum orang yang telah melakukan kejahatan.  Seperti tanah kami seluas 1100m2 (seribu seratus meter persegi) dirampas dan dibangun rumah-rumah petak tanpa IMB (Izin Mendirikan Bangunan). Dinas Pengawasan dan Penertiban Bangunan (P2B) membiarkan rumah–rumah petak tersebut berdiri. Padahal  membangun rumah tanpa IMB merupakan perbuatan melawan hukum.
             Bahkan bangunan rumah penyerobot sudah berulang kali disegel karena tidak memiliki Izin Mendirikan Bangunan (IMB).  Namun, Dinas Pengawasan dan Penertiban Bangunan (P2B) DKI Jakarta  tidak   konsisten  membongkar   bangunan yang disegel tersebut.  
      Jadi, pemerintah harus berupaya membangun pengawasan berlapis dan membangun sistem mengawasi pengawas. Dengan  sistem mengawasi pengawas  akan  dapat memdorong pengawasan efektif dan  memperkecil komplain  masyarakat terhadap kinerja  P2B.
          Saya berharap  rumah tanpa IMB, apalagi  dibangun di atas tanah sengketa harus segera dibongkar. Dinas P2B bekerja sama dengan kepolisian untuk memperkarakan bahkan memidanakan pemilik bangunan tanpa IMB. Selama ini P2B hanya membongkar paksa bangunan. Upaya tersebut tak cukup membuat pelaku jera untuk mendirikan bangunan yang melanggar tata ruang. Selama ini bangunan disegel, jika  tidak memiliki  IMB.
          Sesuai UU Tata Ruang No 26 Tahun 2007, para pelanggar fungsi penggunaan bangunan  harus dikenakan  sanksi pidana 3,5 tahun dan denda administrasi hingga Rp 1,5 miliar. Sedangkan pemilik bangunan yang dengan sengaja membuka segel bangunan, dikenakan sanksi penjara 2 tahun 8  bulan.  Pengawasan tidak boleh diskriminatif.  Jangan hanya berani dan tegas melakukan pembongkaran terhadap bangunan  kumuh.  P2B untuk siapa  dan  dibawa kemana ?                                                                                                                
    Tak bisa dipungkiri, reformasi birokrasi masih berjalan tertatih-tatih. Reformasi birokrasi  sampai sekarang berjalan di tempat dan kurang  berhasil. Mesin birokrasi telah mengalami kemandekan, dan  kemandekan mesin birokrasi itu terasa makin runyam ketika upaya  penegakan hukum berjalan tertatih-tatih sehingga penderitaan rakyat terasa makin berat.
                                                                                                    Tangerang,  8   Agustus 2010
                                                                                                                   Hormat Saya,

                                                                                                                 ( Agus  Hidayat )
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